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To make a die cut.

It is often almost impossible to start the die onto a piece of pipe by forcing the die against the end of the pipe in the ordinary manner. Fig. 8 shows a method of making the die take hold, that will be found successful in nearly all cases. Use a piece of board possibly six inches or so longer than the distance from the center of the die to the floor. Set this board with one end against the face plate, and the other end on the floor, and with a pinch bar or piece of small pipe, bear down on the end of the board as indicated, thus forcing the die under considerable pressure against the end of the pipe. While the helper is thus using the pinch bar, turn the die stock, and it will in all probability begin cutting without further difficulty.

To make a nipple connection when there is insufficient space.

An illustration of the method that may be used under the conditions given, is to be seen in Fig. 8. From the cut it will be noted that the distance between the elbow and tee is too small to allow the use of any fitting, such as a right and left coupling or a union. For this work use a nipple which is of the right length for the connection, and on one end cut a long thread, to allow that end to be screwed twice the ordinary distance into the tee. After it has been screwed into the tee, unscrew it , which will allow the other end to screw into the elbow and make a tight joint. The thread that has been unscrewed will in all probability not make tight. To make a tight joint, use a lock nut as shown, with packing. This screwed up against the end of the tee will make the connection tight.

This was taken from the book "Questions and Answers on the Practice and Theory of Sanitary Plumbing, Volume III, Practical Wrinkles" which was published in 1919.

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